How to Read a Rug Label: Key Specs Decoded

What a Rug Label Must Tell You

Most rugs sold in the United States carry a label or tag that provides essential information. Under the Textile and Wool Acts, the Federal Trade Commission requires that textile products, including rugs, have a label listing the fiber content, the country of origin, and the identity of the manufacturer or another business responsible for marketing or handling the item.

The label is often sewn into the corner of the rug or attached as a woven tag. Some products also come with a hang-tag that may highlight features like a brand name or performance claims. If the hang-tag does not show the full fiber content, it should say something like "See label for the product's full fiber content." Always check the permanent sewn-in label for accurate details. For more on construction, see our rug construction types guide.

Fiber Content: The First Line

The fiber content tells you what yarns are used for the face of the rug. The FTC requires that manufactured fibers be identified by their generic names, such as nylon, polyester, polypropylene, or acrylic. Natural fibers like wool, cotton, jute, and silk may also be listed. The label should list the percentage of each fiber, for example "80% wool, 20% nylon".

Fiber type strongly influences how the rug feels, how it wears, and how you clean it. For instance, wool is resilient and natural, while polypropylene is stain-resistant and often used in indoor-outdoor rugs. Some fibers are more prone to shedding or fading. Read our guide to rug materials to compare options.

• Wool: durable, soft, naturally stain-resistant, but may shed initially
• Polypropylene: stain-resistant, fade-resistant, often machine washable
• Polyester: plush and budget-friendly, but can crush under heavy weight
• Cotton: breathable and washable, but less durable than wool
• Jute and sisal: natural textures, but may be rough and prone to stains

Pile and Construction: Height and Density

The label may not always state pile height or density, but when it does, these numbers are useful. Pile height is the length of the yarn from the backing to the tip. Low-pile rugs are easier to vacuum and work well under furniture, while high-pile rugs feel plush underfoot. For a deeper comparison, see our explainer on pile height.

Construction describes how the rug is made: tufted, woven, hand-knotted, or flatweave. Density, which relates to how tightly the yarn is packed, affects both durability and comfort. A dense rug resists crushing and holds its shape better in high-traffic areas. Learn more about density and construction.

Backing: What Holds the Rug Together

The backing is the layer on the underside of the rug. It provides structure and can affect slip resistance, especially on hard floors. Common backing materials include latex, cotton, and synthetic fabrics. Some rugs have a second layer that helps keep the rug flat and prevents edges from curling. See our guide to rug backing types for a full breakdown.

The backing also matters for indoor air quality. Some backings and adhesives may release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air. According to the EPA, concentrations of many VOCs are higher indoors than outdoors, and building materials and furnishings are a potential source. If you are sensitive to odors, look for rugs with low-emission certifications. We also cover slip resistance to help you choose a safe option.

Care Codes: How to Clean It

Care instructions are not always printed on the rug label, but when they are, they follow a common symbol system that describes the best way to clean the rug. Some rugs have codes that indicate whether you can vacuum, spot clean, or use professional cleaning. A rug with a "W" code can be cleaned with water-based products, while an "S" code means solvent-based cleaning only. Find out more about rug cleaning codes.

Following the care code is essential to avoid damaging the rug. For example, a wool rug may require gentle vacuuming, while a cotton rug may be machine washable if it has a washable backing. The Carpet and Rug Institute recommends periodic professional cleaning to maintain appearance and performance. Always test any cleaning product on an inconspicuous area first. For general maintenance, refer to our rug care and cleaning guide.

Certifications and Indoor Air Quality

When a rug label carries a certification mark, it can give you confidence about its emissions and indoor air quality. The Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Plus program certifies products that meet low-emission criteria for carpet, adhesive, and cushion. This is especially relevant for nurseries or rooms where you spend many hours. Learn more about green certifications.

The EPA notes that some building materials and furnishings, including new carpet, may release pollutants continuously. If you are concerned about VOCs, leave the rug rolled out in a ventilated area before bringing it inside, and ensure the room is well aired. For more advice on reducing exposure, see our guide to rug offgassing.

What to pick for your use

Questions

What does W or S mean on a rug label?

These are care codes. W indicates water-based cleaning is safe, S means use solvent-based cleaners only. Some codes also include T for vacuum or WS for both. Always follow the code to avoid damage.

Is a higher pile always better?

No. Higher pile feels plush but can trap dirt and be harder to clean. Low pile is easier to maintain and works better in high-traffic areas. Consider your room and use.

Do I need a rug pad?

A rug pad can improve grip, protect floors, and extend rug life. Even if the backing is non-slip, a pad is often recommended for safety and comfort.

What certifications should I look for?

Look for Green Label Plus from the Carpet and Rug Institute for low emissions. Also check for labels that indicate low VOC or Oeko-Tex. If you have allergies, consider rugs with hypoallergenic features.

How do I know if a rug is machine washable?

Check the care label for a machine wash symbol. Some rugs with a cotton or synthetic face and a washable backing are meant for machine washing. If the label says dry clean only, do not machine wash.